What is the Nitrogen Cycle?
Imagine your pond as a tiny universe where fish, plants, and billions of microscopic organisms are constantly interacting. The nitrogen cycle is the invisible engine that drives this universe. It starts when koi eat their food and, just like us after a big meal, leave behind waste. Uneaten food and plant debris decompose, releasing ammonia into the water. Ammonia is like the villain in a comic book—highly toxic and dangerous for your fish, so it needs to be dealt with quickly.
Meet the Superheroes: Beneficial Bacteria
This is where the heroes of our story step in. Nitrifying bacteria called Nitrosomonas munch on ammonia and convert it into nitrites. But nitrites aren’t exactly friendly either, so another team of bacteria, Nitrobacter, turns those nitrites into nitrates. Nitrates are much less harmful and can be removed by aquatic plants or simple water changes.
Keeping the Cycle in Balance
To keep your pond healthy, you need to support these microscopic superheroes. Make sure your filtration system provides plenty of surface area and oxygen—both of which beneficial bacteria need to thrive. Add a regular dose of beneficial bacteria, especially in a new pond, to establish a strong colony. Also, consider introducing aquatic plants that will happily absorb excess nitrates.
A Healthy Pond Is a Happy Pond
When the nitrogen cycle is in balance, your fish will be happier, the water will be clearer, and you’ll enjoy a thriving ecosystem. Regularly test your water for ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates, and perform partial water changes as needed. With a little care and understanding of the science behind the nitrogen cycle, your pond will flourish—and you might just find yourself cheering for the tiny bacteria that make it all possible!